A complete history will be taken from you regarding your current general health, any previous eye problems or conditions that you have experienced and a review of any problems that you might be experiencing with your vision or your eyes. This will be important information to provide during your screening process. If you have any chronic health problems, even if they are currently stable, it is important that you share this information as well. Please be sure to tell your eye doctor about any medications you are taking for these medical conditions, including over the counter medications or eye drops that you may have been using. They are all important. Your family history will be reviewed with you as well. Please tell us about any health problems that run in your family such as diabetes and high blood pressure. We should also be aware of any eye problems that your family members may have experienced such as glaucoma, cataracts or

macular degeneration (AMD) as they tend to run in families.

Your eye examination will begin with a measurement of your vision, or visual acuity, with your current eyeglasses or contact lenses. Chances are that if you wear eyeglasses or contact lenses, some of the letters on the “Big E” eye chart will be blurry without them. You will be asked to read a chart projected across the examination room that consists of numbers and letters that get progressively smaller and more difficult to read as you move down the chart. This test, called “Snellin Acuity” or just “Visual Acuity” is an important first step to understanding how well you see.

• Refraction will be performed in order to determine the most accurate eyeglass or contact lens prescription necessary to fully correct your vision. This entails having you sit behind an instrument called a Phoroptor, so that the doctor or technician can present a number of lens combinations to determine which corrects your vision most precisely. For those patients who wear eyeglassesor contact lenses, you have probably experienced the “which is better” test called refraction.  If you require vision correction the eye doctor will provide you with a copy of your prescription so that you can take it to The Eye Care & Surgery Center Optical Department where our Opticians can help you select a well fit and fashionable frame and the most appropriate type of lenses for your work, hobbies or daily activities.
• Ocular Motility or the movement of your eyes, will be evaluated in order to understand how well the eye muscles function together and how effectively they move your eyes into the different positions of gaze.
• Pupillary Reaction will be evaluated by shining a fairly bright light in your eyes. The reaction of your pupils to the light helps the doctors learn a great deal about how well your Optic Nerve is functioning.
• Slit Lamp Examination provides the eye doctor with both high magnification and special illumination. Using this instrument it is possible for your Ophthalmologist to examine the condition of your eyelids, eye lashes, eyelid margins and tear film. The Slit Lamp will also be used to carefully examine the sclera or “white of your eye” and the cornea, or clear dome shaped tissue in front of your pupil. By focusing the slit lamp through the pupil or the dark center of the iris-the colored part of the eye-your doctor will be able to examine the health of the crystalline lens, which is where cataracts form.  In order to check for one of the signs of Glaucoma, eye drops will be placed in your eyes so that the pressure, called Intraocular Pressure (IOP) can be measured while you are behind the Slit Lamp, or with a TonoPen, which is a handheld instrument.
• Fundus, Optic Nerve & Retina Examination-Once your Ophthalmologist has completed the examination of the “front of the eye” additional eye drops may be placed in your eyes in order to dilate or widen your pupils which take 15 to 30 minutes to fully work and dilate your pupil. Please be patient. You will be asked to relax in one of our comfortable waiting areas while the eye drops work, or if you prefer you may take a walk and browse through our optical shop while you wait. The thorough examination of the health of the retina and optic nerve through a dilated pupil is not uncomfortable but the fully widened pupil may make you somewhat sensitive to light and may also blur your vision, especially your near vision, for a few hours after your eye examination. If you have not had a dilated exam in the past, it is a good idea to have a driver on your exam day. It is important to bring a good pair of sunglasses with you in order to lessen your light sensitivity.

If you are in overall good health, and to the best of your knowledge you have not been diagnosed with any eye health problems or eye diseases, scheduling an eye examination every two years is usually sufficient. It is important that, if you have any family member who has been told that they have glaucoma, macular degeneration (AMD) or you are diabetic you will need to be examined at least each year or as directed by your eye doctor or family doctor. A number of eye problems and eye conditions become more frequent with age. In particular, cataract formation and other age related macula problems increase in frequency for patients over 55-60 years of age and even healthy people should consider scheduling a routine eye exam each year if they fall into this age group. Anyone over 40 should have an eye exam and glaucoma testing each year and anyone over 50 with a family history of macular degeneration should also be examined annually.

At about 6 weeks of age, a baby should be able to fixate on an object, such as a face and maintain eye contact. Parents should be aware of signs of poor vision in children. If one eye “turns” or “crosses,” that eye may not see well and may be an indication of a vision or developmental problem. If a child does not show an interest in faces or age-appropriate toys you may suspect poor vision. Also, if a child’s eyes rove around or jiggle-called nystagmus-you should suspect poor vision. Other signs to watch for are tilting the head and squinting. Babies and toddlers compensate for poor vision rather than complain about it. Should a baby need eyeglasses, the prescription can be determined fairly accurately by dilating the pupil and analyzing the light reflected through the pupil from the back of the eye. Children should have a pediatric eye exam before they enter school in order to diagnose problems with eye health, muscle coordination, focusing and any other vision problems that might impact learning. Depending on your child’s individual history and your family history, an appropriate frequency for children’s eye exams can be determined. Please feel free to ask about how often we might recommend a children’s eye exam for your child.